In this paper,we reported five-thousand scanning electronmicroscope photograph of off-axis and rainbow holographic plates about scatted object and holographic grating.Some theoretical explain about microstructure have been given.It was proved that Fresnel transform frequency spectrum interact with reference beam to result in microstructure.It was the microstructure that cause the diffraction efficiency of scattered object to low.We also pointed out some methods how to take and add the diffraction efficiency.