Abstract:To address issues of content authenticity verification and integrity protection, a watermarking method based on binocular just-noticeable-difference (BJND) is proposed for tamper localization and recovery of stereos copic images.Firstly,for its strong stability,singular values of the left and ri ght images of a stereoscopic image are used to construct authentication-bits fo r the left and right images.Then,the generated stereoscopic image authentication -bits are embedded into the left image by making use of the binocular just-not iceable-different value.Finally,the recovery information of right image and occ lusion parts in the left image is produced with discrete cosine transform and JP EG quantization compression,and embedded into the right and left images themselv es,respectively.The experimental results show that the watermarking constructed with the proposed method is robust to incident attacks,such as JPEG compression, salt and peppy noise and Gaussian white noise,but relatively fragile to mailicio us attacks,for example,crop,forgery,rotate,etc.The accuracy of tamper detection is higher than 98% for malicious attacks.For different stereoscopic images degra ded by malicious attakcs,the peak signal-to-noise ratios (PSN Rs) of the recovered left and right images of the stereoscopic im ages are from 36.02dB to 41.29dB,by taking full advantage of the matching char acteristics between the left and right images.