In order to overcome the bad influence caused by complex background in hyperspec tral images a new approach for anomaly detection based or wavelet decomposition and vertex component analysis is proposed.Hyperspectral data is decomposed by wavelet decomposition firstly into high frequency images and low frequency image.And then the endmember spectral profile is got from high frequency images by vertex component analysis.At last,anomaly detection is do ne by spectral angle mapping.The method which needs much less time is proved to be better than the KRX and PCA-KRX algorithms by ROC,and compared with KRX algorithm,the target pixel s obtained by the proposed idea are increased by 32.35%,but the false alarm pixels are decreas ed by 12.12%.