In order to analyze the dynamic mechanical behavior and the organizat ion structure of magnesium (Mg) alloy under the condition of high strain rate,the laser shock processing (LSP) is applied on the AZ31magnesium alloy for enhanced treatment.The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) are employed to analyze the microstructures of AZ31magnesium specimens af ter LSP.The results show that the surface grains of AZ31magnesium after LSP are refined,and their mai n structure is given with large angle grain boundaries.Through LSP,the micro-hardness is improved by 127%,the tensile strength and the elongation at break are respectively improved by 21％ and 16%.The fracture anal ysis shows that the rupture characteristics of AZ31magnesium alloy after laser shock processing have a chan ge trend to ductile fracture,which suggests that the toughness of the alloy is significantly increased.